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and poor urban workers" and this coalition of the middle class and poor "gave the revolution its driving force" (Schmiechen, 1999)...

speeches in his position of Secretary of the Paris Academy of Sciences, in which he did a great deal to enhance both the cultural ...

light that does not deceive us" (Whelan, 2002, p. 1). This "natural light," in his estimation enables human beings to arrive at "...

like the male philosophers of the day. She was the exception. While by and large, the people saw women as having a subservient pla...

Enlightenment must be researched as well. Finally, the literature from the age of Enlightenment by women in support of feminism sh...

workers actions. If he performed for himself, the worker would not feel alienated by his efforts. According to Marx, a great deal ...

in Modern Thought points to two cataclysmic moments in history that were responsible for altering the contemporary perceptions of ...

exaggeration. Voltaire (1947) is in fact sarcastic and while the author is indirect in the way in which he writes, it seems that t...

nature. De Gouges (2003) looks at the same natural world and challenges Enlightenment philosophers to give her an example in natur...

It seems ludicrous to picture a womans toilette as dangerous, yet the humor, in part, derives from the fact that men of this era a...

it from a cavalry captain," etc. (Voltaire, 1995, p. 9). This "genealogy," also subtly parodies the numerous "beget" clauses of t...

the flow of information. Prior to the effects of the printing press, it was relatively easy for the Church to suppress books and w...

a very different civil war, which ended in liberty. It was this event alone that may be seen as most significant by Voltaire. He...

to have this freedom of religion; when ones religious practices are not allowed by choice but are instead dictated by an omnipoten...

and war, which he portrays as contrary to all reason. In the eighteenth century, war was presented to the ordinary citizens as an ...

come forth, but in France, the people just rocked the boat and lasting change would only come about through time. Yes, the extraor...

and the second seeks to "alter the self-understanding of groups which have been defined in negative ways by a dominant culture" (L...

Declaration, Gouges (1791) writes: " Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions can be based only ...

the chance to break free from such constraints. The global society was ready for a tremendous change in direction following the t...

science fiction, the reality is that the problem of labeling and drugging children in the world is growing. Of course, Freud wrote...

the society has been "dumbed down." It does seem true that the masses rarely think for themselves. They vote by sound bite and for...

is he doesnt necessarily find much of anything on the final journey. Though he finally adapts himself back to humanity following h...

In a paper of fifteen pages an examination of European history includes the Middle Ages, Baroque period, and The Enlightenment in ...

freedom of speech as well as to be able to use reason publicly in all matters without fear of retribution, is very important. It i...

Indeed, it seems that within the context of philosophy, there is a wrestling with religious thought, because it is from the rejec...

from one epoch to another. The title symbolized customs of the past, but it could also be adapted to whatever future social or ec...

Roman feel to Michelangelos "Creation of Adam" that almost speaks of ancient Roman statues. In Medieval times such a piece of art ...

ruled by others, even those who do not have their best interests at heart (Kant, 1970). Essentially, he contends that this situat...

the intrusion of evil in the form of the Counts illicit desires for Susanna (Till 141). This loss of innocence, which is equated w...

life, whereas before there was no tolerance of any other culture or lifestyle other than that of the Euro-centric Christian model....